The cycle of independence is the framework whereby teachers help students become independent agents of their own learning and literacy practice. It’s not a new concept really--many (Duke and Pearson, 2002; Graves and Fitzgerald, 2003; Fisher and Frey, 2013) refer to it as a gradual release of responsibility, but it is key to the long-term success of our students.

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College and Career Readiness standard one for Speaking and Listening reads: “Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades X-Y topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Sounds good. How do we do it?

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No wonder many teachers do little or no collaborative work at all. Facilitating collaborative groups effectively is hard. Even some of our very best students take a collaborative grouping as an invitation to talk, but not necessarily about what you want them to talk about.

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